Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV): Clinical Manifestations and Treatments
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the most ubiquitous viruses in humans. A member of the Herpesviridae family, EBV is best known for causing infectious mononucleosis (“mono” or “the kissing disease”) but is also associated with various malignancies and autoimmune conditions. Discovered in 1964 by Michael Epstein and […]
Physical Therapy: A Guide Including Oral Physical Therapy
Physical therapy, often referred to as physiotherapy, is a healthcare specialty that focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of physical impairments, disabilities, and limitations. It uses evidence-based techniques such as exercise, manual therapy, education, and modalities like heat, cold, and electrical stimulation to improve a patient’s function and quality of life. While most people […]
Stroke: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention
A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. As one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide, stroke has profound implications for individuals, families, […]
Facial Lipoatrophy: Causes and Management
Facial lipoatrophy is a condition characterized by the progressive loss of subcutaneous fat in the face, leading to a gaunt appearance, hollowed cheeks, sunken eyes, and often a prematurely aged look. Though commonly associated with HIV associated lipodystrophy syndromes, it can also occur as an isolated idiopathic condition or be secondary to systemic diseases or […]
Malnutrition: Causes, Consequences, and Oral Health Implications
Malnutrition remains one of the most pressing public health challenges globally, affecting people across all age groups, geographies, and socioeconomic statuses. It encompasses a range of conditions that result from an imbalance between the body’s nutritional needs and the intake of nutrients, leading to adverse effects on health and development. While often associated with poverty […]
Osteoarthritis: The Most Common Form of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, OA typically leads to pain, stiffness, decreased mobility, and a decline in quality of life. Unlike some other forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis is not primarily driven by inflammation but […]