Epidemiology and Clinical Assessment of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral health problems worldwide, characterized by inflammation of the gingiva and progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Its impact extends beyond oral health, influencing systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the epidemiology of periodontal disease and the use […]
Classification of Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal diseases are among the most common oral health problems affecting people worldwide. They involve the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva (gums), periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The severity of periodontal disease can range from mild, reversible gingivitis to severe periodontitis that can lead to tooth […]
Increased Overbite
Overbite refers to the vertical overlap of the upper incisors over the lower incisors when the teeth are in centric occlusion. A normal overbite is generally defined as one-third to one-half overlap of the lower incisor crowns by the upper incisors. Variations beyond this normal range constitute either increased overbite (deep bite) or reduced overbite […]
Dental Pain: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management
Dental pain is one of the most common reasons patients seek dental treatment. While often referred to as a “toothache,” this discomfort can arise from a variety of dental and non-dental structures. The complexity of the innervation of the orofacial region, coupled with the diversity of potential causes, makes dental pain a challenging condition to […]
Increased Overjet: Aetiology, Management, and Considerations
Overjet refers to the horizontal distance between the incisal edge of the upper central incisors and the labial surface of the lower central incisors when the teeth are in centric occlusion. In a normal occlusion, the overjet ranges from approximately 2 to 4 millimeters. Any value exceeding this range is considered an increased or excessive […]
Palatally Displaced Maxillary Canines
The maxillary permanent canine plays a crucial role in the dental arch due to its function, aesthetics, and contribution to arch stability. It serves as a cornerstone of the dental arch, guiding occlusion during lateral excursions and providing essential lip support. Any disruption in its eruption path, especially palatal displacement, can lead to significant functional, […]