Dental Extraction: Principles, Techniques & Complications
Dental extraction is one of the most frequently performed procedures in general dental practice and oral surgery. Despite its routine nature, tooth extraction should never be considered trivial. It is, by definition, a minor surgical procedure that involves deliberate trauma to hard and soft tissues, with the potential for local and systemic complications. A sound […]
Oral Surgery Instruments and Their Clinical Uses
Oral surgery relies heavily on the correct selection and skilled use of surgical instruments. While clinical judgment and anatomical knowledge are fundamental, the effectiveness, safety, and efficiency of oral surgical procedures are closely linked to the operator’s familiarity with instruments. Each tool is designed with a specific purpose, and improper use can lead to complications […]
Asepsis, Antisepsis, and Infection Control in Oral Surgery
Oral surgery is an invasive discipline within dentistry that inevitably exposes both patients and healthcare professionals to microorganisms. The oral cavity harbors one of the most complex microbial ecosystems in the human body, containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Many of these organisms are harmless commensals; however, under surgical conditions they may become pathogenic, leading […]
Principles of Surgery of the Mouth
Oral surgery occupies a unique position within surgical practice. Unlike many other surgical fields, procedures are carried out in an environment that is continuously exposed to microorganisms, mechanical forces, and chemical stimuli. Despite these apparent disadvantages, the mouth is a remarkably forgiving surgical site. Its rich blood supply, rapid healing capacity, and the protective properties […]
Examination of the Head and Neck in Dentistry
The head and neck examination is an indispensable aspect of dental practice, forming the cornerstone of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. While the focus of dentistry often seems limited to the oral cavity, the surrounding structures of the head and neck—including the skin, eyes, ears, nose, lymphatic nodes, cranial nerves, and musculoskeletal framework—play a […]
Vasoconstrictors in Local Anesthesia
Local anesthesia is an indispensable component of modern medicine and dentistry, allowing clinicians to perform procedures with minimal pain and discomfort. By blocking nerve conduction in targeted areas, local anesthetics prevent the transmission of pain signals to the central nervous system. However, the effectiveness and safety of local anesthetics are significantly influenced by the pharmacological […]